1. Fig. 5.1, shows a termite mound, the nest of approximately one million individuals.

Fig. 5.1

The photograph was taken in Queensland Australia, about 3000 kilometres south of the equator.

(i) Fig. 5.1 shows that the interior of the termite mound is full of interconnecting chambers. At the top of the mound some of these chambers open to the air outside.

Worker termites spend all their time working in brood chambers low in the mound, where eggs and larvae develop.

Explain how carbon dioxide produced in the respiring body cells of worker termites is removed to the air outside the termite mound.

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(ii) In Africa, closer to the equator, the mounds built by some species of termite are blade-shaped, with the long axis pointing North–South. Fig. 5.2, shows an example of a termite mound in Africa.

Fig. 5.2

Suggest why the African termites need to build mounds in this shape and orientation.

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