1.1. Proteins are produced in two stages. Different types of RNA molecules are required within these stages. Table 1 shows the various types of RNA and the total percentage of each within the cell of a desert rat.  

Table 1

Use the information in Table 1 and explain which organelle would contain the greatest percentage of RNA. 

1.2. A typical cell from a desert rat contains approximately 43 000 000 000 RNA nucleotides.Using Table 1 and the information given calculate the approximate number of tRNA nucleotides in the cell of a desert rat. Give your answer in standard form and to two significant figures. 

1.3. Explain why desert rat cells contain a large number of different mRNA nucleotides but only 64 different tRNA molecules.  

1.4. Some mutations can result in a frameshift. Describe and explain what is meant by a  frameshift and how this may affect the protein made.