1.1. Crude oil is a mixture of hydrocarbons.

Name the process used to separate crude oil into fractions.

1.2. Give one use of the kerosene fraction.

1.3. One of the hydrocarbons in the refinery gas fraction is an alkane with the structural formula CH₃CH₂CH₂CH_3.

i) Give the name of this alkane.

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ii) Calculate the relative molecular mass (M_r) of this alkane.

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1.4. One of the alkanes in the gasoline fraction has the displayed formula

i) Determine the molecular formula of this alkane.

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ii) Give the general formula for the alkanes.

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1.5. Catalytic cracking is used to convert long‐chain alkanes into shorter‐chain alkanes.

i) Name the catalyst used in catalytic cracking.

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ii) Explain why it is necessary to convert long‐chain alkanes into shorter‐chain alkanes.

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1.6. Catalytic cracking also produces alkenes. C₁₁H₂₄ can undergo cracking to give pentane (C₅H₁₂) and two different alkenes. Complete the equation for this cracking reaction.

C₁₁H₂₄ → C₅H₁₂ + ............................+............................