1.1. The water in the measuring cylinder shown in Fig 1.1. has a depth h of 10 cm and a cross-sectional area A of 10 cm².

Fig 1.1.

(i) State the measurements of h and A in S.I. units.

[2]

(ii) Calculate the pressure at the base of the measuring cylinder due to the water. The density of water = 1000 kg m⁻³.

[2]

(iii) Calculate the total pressure at the base of the measuring cylinder. Atmospheric pressure = 1.01 × 10⁵ Pa.

[1]

1.2. The water pressure is measured at the base of two other measuring cylinders of different sizes.

One of the cylinders contains water with a depth five times larger than the cylinder in (a).

The other cylinder contains the same depth of water as the cylinder in (a), but the cross-sectional area of the base is nine times larger.   

Without further calculation, state the effect on the water pressure at the base of the cylinder where    

(i) the water is five times deeper

[1]

(ii) the surface area of the base is nine times larger.

[1]

1.3. A spherical ball is placed in the measuring cylinder so that it is submerged but floats in the water, as shown in Fig. 1.2.

Fig. 1.2.

The ball has a diameter of 3.0 cm.

Calculate the volume of the ball in S.I. units.

1.4. Calculate the upthrust on the submerged ball in part (c).