1.1. Two functions of the alimentary canal are mechanical digestion and chemical digestion.

Outline where and how mechanical digestion occurs in the alimentary canal.

1.2. Enzymes catalyse the reactions of chemical digestion. Table 1 gives information about chemical digestion in three parts of the alimentary canal.

Complete Table 1.

Table 1

1.3. Substances that are absorbed from the alimentary canal may enter cells and become part of the cells. 

(i) State the storage carbohydrate made from glucose in liver cells.

[1]

(ii) State the type of protein used in the immune system that is produced from amino acids by lymphocytes.

[1]

(iii) Fat is produced from fatty acids and glycerol by cells in the fatty tissue beneath the skin.

State one function of this layer of fat.

[1]