Answer the following questions:

(a) What was Nelson Mandela determined to do?

(b) How did Mandela win the support of the world?

(c) Who is described "as an icon of peace and reconciliation"? Explain the reasons.

(d) "Don't call me. I'll call you." - Who was the speaker of these words? What did he mean?

(e) When was Mandela awarded the 'Nobel Peace Prize'? Why did he achieve the prize?

(a) Nelson Mandela was determined to bring down apartheid prevailing in South Africa without engaging in a civil war.

(b) He won the support of the world through his prestige and charisma.

(c) Nelson Mandela is described "as an icon of peace and reconciliation". It is because he fought against the white minority rule and was imprisoned for this for almost 30 years. Also, he fought against apartheid while avoiding a civil war. Moreover, he reconciled with the white people to establish peace and harmony after he had become the President.

( d) Nelson Mandela was the speaker of these words. In June 2004 when he left public life formally, he said these words to his countrymen. By these words, he meant that he would remain always alert to serve the people of Africa. He would come forward whenever his country and the people needed him.

(e) Mandela was awarded the 'Nobel Peace Prize' in 1993. He achieved the prize for his struggle to bring down apartheid in South Africa without a civil war. He established multi-racial democracy in South Africa for which he was held captive for nearly three decades.