1. Athens and Sparta were the two advanced Greek cities of the world Hellenic period (1750-338 B.C.). Both had a city-state type of government, and both took slaves from the people they conquered. However, the differences outweigh the similarities in these two ancient civilizations. Sparta was holistic, warlike (constantly fighting in the neighboring cities), and military, while Athens catered more towards the democratic and cultural way of life. The latter city left its mark in the fields of art, literature, philosophy, and science, while the former passed on its totalitarianism and superior military traditions. The present system of a well-rounded education followed in the United States is based on the ancient Athenian idea. The Spartan system, on the other hand, was concerned only with military education.

Which of the following was not mentioned as part of Athens's cultural heritage?