1.1. Extended Only

No one knows where iron was first isolated. It appeared in China, the Middle East and in Africa. It was obtained by reducing iron ore with charcoal.

Complete the following equation.

1.2. Extended Only

In 1705 Abraham Darby showed that iron ore could be reduced using coke in a blast furnace.

i) The temperature in the furnace rises to 2000 °C. Write an equation for the exothermic reaction that causes this high temperature.

[1] 

ii) In the furnace, the ore is reduced by carbon monoxide. Explain how this is formed.

[2] 

1.3. Extended Only

The formation of slag removes an impurity in the ore.

Write a word equation for the formation of the slag.

1.4. Extended Only

Stainless steel is an alloy of iron. It contains iron, other metals and about 0.5% of carbon.

i) State a use of stainless steel.

[1] 

ii) Name a metal, other than iron, in stainless steel.

[1] 

iii) The iron from the blast furnace is impure. It contains about 5% of carbon and other impurities, such as silicon and phosphorus.

Describe how the percentage of carbon is reduced and the other impurities are removed.

[4]

1.5. Separate: Chemistry Only

One of the methods used to prevent iron or steel from rusting is to electroplate it with another metal, such as tin. Complete the following.

The anode is made of ............................................... 

The cathode is made of ............................................. 

The electrolyte is a solution of ...................................