1.1. Fractional distillation separates crude oil into useful fractions.

Look at the table.

It shows the percentage of each fraction made from crude oil. It also shows the percentage of each fraction needed for everyday uses.

i) Which fraction is made in the greatest percentage?

Tick (✓) one box

ii) Which fraction is needed in the smallest percentage?

Tick (✓) one box.

1.2. Cracking changes large hydrocarbon molecules into smaller hydrocarbon molecules.

i) One of the conditions needed for cracking is a high pressure. Write down one other condition needed.

[1]

ii) Cracking is a very useful reaction. Explain why. Use information from the table in your answer

[2]

1.3. In 2008 the USA produced 4 900 000 barrels of crude oil per day. In 2019 this had increased to 11 000 000 barrels of crude oil per day.

Calculate the percentage increase in the number of barrels of crude oil produced per day from 2008 to 2019.

Use the formula: percentage increase =  $\frac{increase}{original}$× 100

Give your answer to 2 decimal places.

Percentage increase = ..................................................... %