4. Summary ( 10 marks)
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In Bangladesh folk music has great variety, with songs being composed on the culture, festivals, views of life, natural beauty, rivers and rural and riverine life. These songs are also about social inequality and poverty, about the material world and the supernatural. Mystical songs have been composed using the metaphors of rivers and boats. Since the country is basically riverine, the Bhatiyali forms an important genre of folk music. Folk music is formed and develops according to the environment. Differences in the natural environment are reflected in the people of the different regions. The dialects too vary across the different regions. Bangladeshi folk music therefore varies from region to region. Thus there are the northern Bhawaiya, the eastern Bhatiyali and the southwestern Baul songs.
Bangladesh has a great variety of folk music composed on different socio-cultural aspects. These folk songs focus on social inequality, poverty, nature and riverine life of our country and also talk about the material and the metaphysical worlds. Actually, a number of factors namely natural environment and dialects determine the nature of folk music. That is why, Bangladesh has various forms of folk music like the northern Bhawaiya, the eastern Bhatiyali, the southwestern Baul songs, etc
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My name is Amerigo. I am 13 years old and I live on the street, alone. My mother, who is separated from my father, doesn't want me. She told me to go away. Now she is married to another man. My father lives very far away. I want to go to him, but he won't take me either. The streets are now my home. Sometimes I find work. I used to collect trash and sell it to a vendor. I stopped doing that after I had a serious infection and a doctor told me to stay away from the trash dump. Once I worked for an icecream shop owner and sold ice-cream on the beach. But I got no money in return. The owner of the shop gave me something to eat, and let me sleep in his hut at night. The work was difficult and painful. The ice-cream box was quite heavy when it was full. I had to walk for hours, offering my ice-cream to whoever wanted to buy. There were days when I could not even sell one ice-cream.
In a way, I am lucky because I am alive. One of my friends was recently killed after he fell into a hole that opened up in the pile of trash. A boy I know lost one of his eyes after a piece of hot glass flew into his eye at the glass factory where he worked. The owner refused to pay for medical treatment. For me, like all other street children, life is very hard. I am looking for work. I am always hungry, and I don't know where I will sleep at night
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The orphanage is high in the Carolina mountains. I was there in the autumn. T wanted quiet, isolation, to do some troublesome writing. I wanted mountain air to blow out the Malaria from too long, a time in the subtropics. I was home-sick too, for the flaming of Maples in October, and for corn shocks and pumpkins and black-walnut trees - ... I found them all living in a cabin that belonged to the orphanage, half a mile beyond the orphanage farm. When I took the cabin, asked for a boy or man to come and chop wood for the fireplace ....... I looked up from my typewriter one late afternoon, a little startied. A boy stood at the door and my pointer dog. my companion, was at his side and had not barked to warn me. The boy was probably twelve years old, but under sized. He wore overalls and a torn shirt, and was barefooted. He said, "I can chop some wood today."
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“I'm not in the least hungry,” my guest sighed, “but if you insist I don't mind having some asparagus.” I ordered them. “Aren't you going to have any?” “No, I never eat asparagus.” “I know there are people who don't like them. The fact is, you ruin your palate by all the meat you eat.” We waited for the asparagus to be cooked. Panic seized me. It was not a question now of how much money I should have left over for the rest of the month, but whether I had enough to pay the bill.The asparagus appeared. They were enormous, succulent and appetizing. The smell of the melted butter tickled my nostrils....... “Coffee?” I said. “Yes, just an ice-cream and coffee,” she answered. I was past caring now. So, I ordered coffee for myself and an icecream and coffee for her. “You know, there's one thing I believe in,” she said, as she ate the ice-cream. “One should always get up from a meal feeling one could eat a little more.”
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As a child you must have been told to greet your elders and visitors to your home according to your culture and tradition. You must also have been taught to be polite in company and keep quiet while others, especially your elders, spoke. Possibly, you at times grudged such schooling. Possibly, at times you even protested such disciplining. Now, certainly you know that you can't always behave the way you want specially in the presence of others. There are rules of behavior you have to follow in a company. We are social beings and have to consider the effect of our behavior on others, even if we are at home and dealing with our family members.
We have two terms to describe our social behavior- 'etiquette' and 'manners'. 'Etiquette' is a French word and it means the rules of correct behavior in society. The word 'manners' means the behavior that is considered to be polite in a particular society or culture.
Manners can be good or bad. For example, it is a bad manner to speak with food in one's mouth. No one likes a bad mannered person. Remember that etiquette and manners vary from culture to culture and from society to society.