1.1. Alkanes and alkenes are examples of hydrocarbons.

 i) What is meant by the term hydrocarbon?

 [1]

 ii) Give the general formula of straight-chain

 alkanes, ..................................................

 alkenes. ..................................................

[2]

1.2. A compound X contains carbon, hydrogen and oxygen only.

X contains 54.54% of carbon by mass, 9.09% of hydrogen by mass and 36.37% of oxygen by mass.

 i) Calculate the empirical formula of compound X.

 [2]

ii) Compound X has a relative molecular mass of 88.

 Deduce the molecular formula of compound X.

 [2]

1.3. An ester has the molecular formula C₃H₆O₂.

Name and give the structural formulae of two esters with the molecular formula C₃H₆O₂.

1.4. Name the ester produced from the reaction of propanoic acid and methanol.

1.5. A polyester is represented by the structure shown.

 i) What type of polymerisation is used for the production of polyesters?

 [1]

 ii) Which simple molecule is removed when the polyester is formed?

 [1]

 iii) Complete the diagrams below to show the structures of the monomers used to produce the polyester. Show all atoms and bonds.

 [2]