1.1. Ethene is an unsaturated hydrocarbon which can react with bromine in an electrophilic addition reaction.

i) Explain why this is an example of an electrophilic addition reaction.

ii) Bromine is a non-polar molecule, yet acts as an electrophile in this reaction. Explain why.

iii) How can bromine be used as a test for unsaturation?

1.2. Alkenes and substituted alkenes can also be used as monomers to form polymers in an addition reaction. The polymer which is formed from a propene monomer is widely used in the production of yoghurt containers and car bumpers.

i) State the definition of monomers.

ii) State the IUPAC name of the polymer which is formed from propene.

iii) Addition polymers are unreactive. State one advantage and one disadvantage of this property.

1.3. Another example of a polymer is polystyrene which is often used as packing material and electrical insulation.

Figure 1 shows 3 repeating units of the polymer.

Figure 1

i) Draw the structure and state the name of monomer X which is used to form the polymer shown in Figure 1.

ii) Polystyrene is the common or trade name of the polymer. State the IUPAC name of the polymer shown in Figure 1.

1.4. Monomer X can react with monomer Y to form a polymer. Two repeating units of this polymer are shown in Figure 2.

Figure 2

Draw the structures of monomer Y which reacts with monomer X to form the polymer shown in Figure 2.