1. Despite the many disadvantages of producing ethanol by fermentation, this method is often promoted as it is claimed that the ethanol obtained in this way is a carbon-neutral biofuel.

One of the disadvantages of this process is that the ethanol produced is impure.

i) State how the contamination of ethanol formed by fermentation occurs and a method to separate the ethanol from these contaminants.

ii) State the meaning of the term carbon-neutral in this context of ethanol as a biofuel.

iii) Write equations to support the statement that ethanol produced by fermentation is a carbon-neutral fuel.