1.1. There is a general consensus amongst the scientific community that increased levels of carbon dioxide emissions, as a result of human activity, are causing global warming due to an enhanced greenhouse effect. 

Explain how increases in the proportions of greenhouse gases in the atmosphere have led to global warming.

1.2. Global warming, and the climate change that it brings, have an overall detrimental effect on biodiversity and ecology in general.

Suggest and explain one effect of global warming that may be beneficial to an individual species.

1.3. The graph below shows the total greenhouse gas emissions from Europe and China from the years 1990 to 2019.

The emission data is given using the unit billion tonnes. 

(i) Describe the data in the graph. 

(3)

(ii) Give two reasons that could explain the trends shown in the graph. 

(2)