1.1. Propane reacts with chlorine to form a mixture of chloropropanes. This is a photochemical reaction.

i) What is meant by the phrase photochemical reaction?

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ii) The products of this reaction include two isomers, one of which has the following structural formula.

Draw the structural formula of the other isomer.

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iii) Explain why these two different compounds are isomers. 

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1.2. Bond breaking is an endothermic change and bond forming is an exothermic change.

Bond energy is the amount of energy in kJ / mol needed to break one mole of the specified bond. 

 Use the following bond energies to determine whether this reaction is exothermic or endothermic. You must show your reasoning.

1.3. i) Chloropropane can be hydrolysed to propanol, CH₃CH₂CH₂OH, by sodium hydroxide.

 Write the equation for this reaction. 

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ii) Propanol can be dehydrated. It loses a water molecule to form a hydrocarbon. 

Give the name and structural formula of this hydrocarbon.

name ................................................. 

structural formula 

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iii) Propanol is oxidised to a carboxylic acid by acidified potassium manganate(VII). 

Deduce the name of this acid. 

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1.4. Propanol reacts with methanoic acid to form the ester propyl methanoate. 

CH₃CH₂CH₂OH + HCOOH → HCOOCH₂CH₂CH₃ + H₂O

 4.0 g of methanoic acid was reacted with 6.0 g of propanol.

i) Calculate the M_r of methanoic acid = ........................................

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ii) Calculate the M_r of propanol = ........................................ 

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iii) Determine which one is the limiting reagent. Show your reasoning. 

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iv) Calculate the maximum yield in grams of propyl methanoate, M_r = 88. 

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