What is the synonym of the word "sophisticated" used in the first paragraph of the passage?

An intellectual is one who is enlightened; and being an enlightened person, he has to give light to others who are in need of it. In every society, we find intellectuals such as philosophers, scientists, scholars, writers, and critics; and they, as enlightened men, have a great responsibility towards society. In a society, all cannot be intellectuals. If a time comes when all are intellectuals it would be a blessed time indeed; but intellectuals have the great responsibility of guiding others on to the right path. If today we have our civilisation and culture, if we have orders and security in life, and if our life is better that that of our primitive ancestors, it is because the intellectuals, from time to time, have been guiding humanity on the path of felicity and amity. Therefore, the intellectual should come out of his ivory tower and try to elevate others to his level."

What does the phrase 'ivory tower' in the extract denote?

English speaking people have never been really homogeneous in their use of the English language. Today, if you travel extensively in the British Isles, you notice differences in pronunciation and vocabulary from shire and shire, or even if your ear is good enough, from town to town. In London alone you can find tremendous diversity in the varieties of English. In the United States, likewise, the language differs somewhat from place to place and from one social ""class"" to another. Many New Yorkers don't pronounce words as Chicagoans do, and in Denver people don't sound like those in Chicago. In some parts of the Southwest, Spanish influence shows up in the vocabulary; elsewhere, Germans and others have affected the English language."

The word "tremendous" means-

An intellectual is one who is enlightened; and being an enlightened person, he has to give light to others who are in need of it. In every society, we find intellectuals such as philosophers, scientists, scholars, writers, and critics; and they, as enlightened men, have a great responsibility towards society. In a society, all cannot be intellectuals. If a time comes when all are intellectuals it would be a blessed time indeed; but intellectuals have the great responsibility of guiding others on to the right path. If today we have our civilisation and culture, if we have orders and security in life, and if our life is better that that of our primitive ancestors, it is because the intellectuals, from time to time, have been guiding humanity on the path of felicity and amity. Therefore, the intellectual should come out of his ivory tower and try to elevate others to his level."

Who are intellectuals according to the extract?