1.1. State the meaning of rectification.

1.2. The graph in Fig. 1.1 shows the voltage output from an alternating current supply.

Fig. 1.1

Sketch the variation with time t of the output voltage when the following are applied:

(i) Half-wave rectification

[2]

(ii) Full-wave rectification

[2]

1.3. In rectification, a smoothing capacitor is often necessary. The resulting graph of the output current against time gives a 'ripple' shape, as shown in Fig. 1.2.

Fig. 1.2

State how the 'ripples' in the graph can be reduced.

1.4. The circuit in Fig. 1.3 shows a diode bridge rectifier connected to an alternating power supply.

Fig. 1.3

State the diodes that will conduct when

(i) A is positive

[1]

(ii) B is positive.

[1]