1.1. Pyramids of biomass and energy transfer are ways of representing what happens in an ecosystem.

Diagram 1 shows pyramids of biomass for a crop field ecosystem and for a coral reef ecosystem.

(i) Use data from Diagram 1 to calculate the efficiency of the transfer of biomass from producers (P) to primary consumers (C1) in the coral reef.

(1)

(ii) The efficiency of the transfer of biomass from primary consumers (C1) to secondary consumers (C2) in the crop field is 1%.

Calculate the biomass of the secondary consumers in the crop field in g per m².

(1)

(iii) Suggest why the biomass transfer is different in the coral reef compared to the crop field.

(1)

1.2. Diagram 2 shows pyramids of biomass for an ocean and a lake.

Explain the shape of the pyramid of biomass for the ocean.

1.3. Suggest how scientists could estimate the energy of the producers in 1 m² of the crop field.