The Heart
1. This question has 3 part(s).
1.1. Table 1 shows the pressure changes in the left side of the heart during one complete cardiac cycle.
Table 1
Pressure changes (mmHg) | ||
Time (s) | Left atrium | Left ventricle |
0.0 | 5.3 | 2.3 |
0.1 | 7.5 | 15.0 |
0.2 | 1.5 | 93.8 |
0.3 | 1.5 | 114.8 |
0.4 | 7.5 | 33.8 |
0.5 | 3.8 | 7.5 |
0.6 | 4.5 | 2.3 |
0.7 | 5.2 | 2.3 |
(i) State the time window that the bicuspid valve, between the atrium and ventricle, is closed. Explain your answer.
[2]
(ii) Explain what can be concluded about the cardiac cycle between 0.2 and 0.3 seconds.
[4]
1.2. The heart beats for one minute at the rate shown in the table.
Calculate the total time the ventricles are contracted during one minute. Give your answer to two significant figures.
1.3. Two structures, the sinoatrial node (SAN) and the atrioventricular node (AVN) are involved in the cardiac cycle.
Describe how these structures control the cardiac cycle.
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