1.1. A fuel cell produces electrical energy by the oxidation of a fuel by oxygen. The fuel is usually hydrogen but methane and methanol are two other fuels which may be used. A diagram of a hydrogen fuel cell is given below in Figure 1.

Figure 1

When the fuel is hydrogen, the hydrogen is oxidised to form water, which is the only product.

Suggest what additional product would be formed if methanol was used.

1.2. Give the chemical equation for the reaction that takes place in a hydrogen fuel cell.

1.3. Extended Only

In a hydrogen fuel cell, hydrogen loses electrons at the anode. Write the half equation to show the reaction at the anode.

1.4. Extended Only

Hydrogen and oxygen can also react in a combustion reaction forming water vapour. Calculate the mass of water vapour produced when 500 cm³ of hydrogen combusts in excess oxygen.

Mass of water vapour ...................................... (g)