1.1. Modern catalytic converters use nanosized particles of catalytic metals such as palladium and rhodium. 

Using nanosized particles is more cost effective than normal sized particles.

Suggest and explain why the use of nanosized catalyst particles reduces the production costs of catalytic converters.

1.2. Nanoparticles of magnesium oxide have antibacterial properties. 

Figure 1 below shows the percentage of bacteria killed. 

Figure 1

 Draw three conclusions from Figure 1.

1.3. Not all sizes of nanoparticles have points plotted.

Would including data for more sizes of nanoparticles improve the conclusions that can be drawn about their effect on killing bacteria?

Give a reason for your answer.

1.4. A coarse particle has a diameter of 1 × 10⁻⁶ m and a nanoparticle has a diameter of 1.6 × 10⁻⁹ m.

Calculate how many times larger the diameter of the coarse particle is than that of the nanoparticle.