1.1. Aluminium is extracted from its ore using electrolysis.

Copper is extracted from its ore by heating with carbon.

Explain why different methods are used to extract aluminium and copper.

1.2. Molten aluminium oxide contains Al³⁺ and O^2– ions.

The electrolysis of molten aluminium oxide makes aluminium and oxygen.

i) Write the balanced half-equation for the reaction that happens at the cathode.

Use the symbol e^– to represent an electron.

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ii) Solid aluminium oxide cannot be electrolysed.

Explain why.

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1.3. Copper is also made by electrolysis of copper sulfate solution.

Look at the diagram of the apparatus used in this electrolysis.

Describe what you would see at each electrode.

At the anode: ..................................................................

At the cathode: ...............................................................