1.1. Higher Only

Ammonium sulfate, (NH₄)₂SO₄, is a fertiliser.

Ammonium sulfate can be manufactured from ammonia and sulfuric acid.

Sulfuric acid is manufactured in a series of steps.

Step 1:

Sulfur is burnt in oxygen to produce sulfur dioxide.

Step 2, The Contact Process:

Sulfur dioxide is reacted with oxygen to produce sulfur trioxide. This takes place in the presence of a vanadium(V) oxide catalyst at a pressure of 2 atmospheres and at about 450˚C.

Step 3:

Sulfur trioxide is reacted with water to produce sulfuric acid.

Write balanced symbol equations for each step of this process.

Step 1: .....................................................................

Step 2: .....................................................................

Step 3: .....................................................................

1.2. Ammonium sulfate is a salt.

It is manufactured using the reaction between the alkali ammonia and sulfuric acid. 

2NH₃ + H₂SO₄ → (NH₄)₂SO₄ 

What type of reaction is this?

1.3. A sample containing 17.0 g of ammonia completely reacts with sulfuric acid.

A mass of 66.0 g of ammonium sulfate is made.

Show that the maximum mass of ammonium sulfate that can be made from 51.0 g of ammonia is 198.0 g.

1.4. A student has a solution of ammonium sulfate.

Describe how he can obtain a pure dry sample of ammonium sulfate.