1.1. The alcohols form a homologous series. The first member of this series is methanol, CH₃OH.

i) Give the general formula of the alcohols.

[1]

ii) The mass of one mole of an alcohol is 116 g. What is its formula? Show your reasoning.

[2]

ii) Draw a diagram showing the arrangement of the outer (valency) electrons in one molecule of methanol.

Use x to represent an electron from a carbon atom.
Use o to represent an electron from a hydrogen atom.
Use ● to represent an electron from an oxygen atom.

[3]

1.2. Methanol is manufactured using the following method.

CH₄ (g) + H₂O (g) → CO (g) + 3H₂ (g)   reaction 1 CO (g) + 2H₂ (g) $\rightleftharpoons$ CH₃OH (g)    reaction 2

The conditions for reaction 2 are:

The forward reaction is exothermic.

i) Why is high pressure used in reaction 2?

[2]

ii) Explain why using a catalyst at 250 °C is preferred to using a higher temperature of 350°C and no catalyst.

[3]

1.3. Methanol is oxidised by atmospheric oxygen. This reaction is catalysed by platinum.

i) The products of this reaction include a carboxylic acid. Give its name and structural formula.

[2]

ii) Deduce the name of the ester formed by the reaction of methanol with the carboxylic acid named in (i).

[1]