1.1. Figure 1 shows a spirometer that can be used to investigate breathing. 

Figure 1 

i) Identify chemical T.

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ii) Describe what happens to the chamber lid when a person breathes in and out.

[3]

1.2. State one precaution that should be taken to ensure accuracy when breathing through a spirometer. 

1.3. Figure 2 shows a spirometer trace from a 25-year-old. 

Figure 2

i) Label Figure 2 with an X to indicate a point at which the person was breathing in. 

[1]

ii) Calculate the volume of air breathed in during the first 60 seconds. 

[1]

1.4. Fibrosis of the lungs is a condition that reduces the volume of air that can be taken into the lungs per single breath.

Sketch on Figure 3 below what you would expect the spirometer trace to look like if the 25-year-old had fibrosis. 

Figure 3