1.1. Alkanes are naturally occurring hydrocarbons present as a mixture in crude oil. In order for them to be useful the mixture needs to be separated into fractions, which is done using a temperature gradient as they have varying boiling points.

C₂H₆, C₄H₁₀ and C₃H₈ are all examples of alkanes. 

i) Put them in order of increasing boiling point and explain your answer.

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ii) Put them in order of increasing volatility and explain your answer.

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1.2. Predict, with a reason, whether alkanes are soluble in either water or propanone.

1.3. Pentane can exist as isomers, including pentane, CH₃CH₂CH₂CH₂CH₃ and 2,2-dimethylpropane, CH₃C(CH₃)₂CH₃.

i) Draw skeletal formula for each isomer shown above.

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ii) Predict and explain which isomer of pentane would have the greater volatility.

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1.4. There are two isomers possible with the molecular formula C₂H₆O. One is an alcohol and one is an ether, which has a C-O-C functional group.

i) Draw the skeletal formulae of both isomers.

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ii) Identify the strongest type of intermolecular force present in each isomer.

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iii) Predict which isomer would have the higher melting point.

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