Read the following text and make a flow-chart highlighting the different aspects of socio-cultural life as reflected in folk music. (No. 1 has been done for you):–

In Bangladesh folk music has great variety, with songs being composed on culture, festivals, views of life, natural beauty, rivers and rural and riverine life. These songs are also about social inequality and poverty, about the material world and the supernatural. Mystical songs have been composed using the metaphors of rivers and boats. Since the country is basically riverine, the Bhatiyali forms an important genre of folk music. Folk music is formed and develops according to the environment. Differences in the natural environment are reflected in the people of different regions. The dialects too vary across the different regions. Bangladeshi folk music therefore varies from region to region. Thus there are the northern Bhawaiya, the eastern Bhatiyali and the southwestern Baul songs.

1. Songs reflecting rural and riverine life

→ 2 → 3 → 4 → 5 → 6.

Read the following text and make a flow-chart showing role and activities of Gazi Pir. (One is done for you):

According to some myths and legends, Gazi Pir was a Muslim saint who is said to have spread Islam in the parts of Bengal close to the Sundarbans. He was credited with many miracles. For example, he could supposedly calm dangerous animals and make them docile. He is usually depicted in paats or scroll paintings riding a fierce-looking Bengal tiger, a snake in his hand, but in no apparent danger. According to some stories, he also fought crocodiles who threatened the people of a region full of canals and creeks, indeed, a kind of watery jungle bordering the Bay of Bengal. Because of his alert and vigilant presence, all predatory animals were said to have been kept within bounds. It was also believed that he enabled villagers to live close to forests and jungles and cultivate their lands.

1. Close to the Sundarbans → 2 → 3 → 4 → 5 → 6.

Read the following passage and make a flow chart showing the principles of ecotourism set forth by the International Ecotourism Society (No. 1 has been done for you.)

Ecotourism is broadly defined as low impact travel to endangered and often undisturbed locations. It is different from traditional tourism because it allows the traveller to become educated about the areas-both in terms of the physical landscape and cultural characteristics. It often provides funds for conservation and benefits the economic development of places that are often impoverished.

Due to the growing popularity of environmentally-related and adventure travel, various types of trips are now being classified as ecotourism. Most of these are not truly ecotourism, however, because they do not emphasize conservation, education, low impact travel, and social and cultural participation in the locations being visited.

Therefore, to be considered ecotourism, a trip must meet the following principles set forth by the International Ecotourism Society (TIES: 2015):

• Minimize the impact of visiting the location (i. e. the use of roads)

• Build respect and awareness of the travelers for the environment and cultural practices.

• Ensure that the tourism provides positive experiences for both the travelers and the hosts.

• Provide direct financial aid for conservation.

• Provide financial aid, empowerment and other benefits for local peoples.

• Raise travellers' awareness of the host country's political, environmental and social climate.

1. Minimizing the impact of visiting the location. → 2. → 3. → 4. → 5. → 6.

Read the following text and make a flow-chart showing the factors causing the disappearance of the mangrove forest. (One is done for you.):—

A vast mangrove forest shared by Bangladesh and India that is home to possibly 500 Bengal tigers is being rapidly destroyed by erosion, rising sea levels and storm surges, according to a major study by researchers at the Zoological Society of London (ZSL) and others. Natalie Pettorelli, one of the report's authors, said, "Coastline retreat is evident everywhere. A continuing rate of retreat would see these parts of the mangrove disappear within 50 years. On the Indian side of the Sundarbans, the island which extends most into the Bay of Bengal has receded by an average of 150 metres a year, with a maximum of just over 200 metres this would see the disappearance of the island in about 20 years." The Sundarbans is known for vanishing islands but the scientists said the current retreat of the mangrove forests on the southern coastline is not normal. "The causes for increasing coastline retreat, other than anthropogenic ones, include increased frequency of storm surges and other extreme natural events, rises in seal-level and increased salinity which increases the vulnerability of mangroves," said Pettorelli.

1. Frequent storm surges → 2 → 3 → 4 → 5 → 6.

Read the following text and make a flow-chart showing the major features of the Island of St. Martin. (One has been done for you):

The Island of St. Martin is the only coral island in Bangladesh located in the north-eastern part of Bay of Bengal. The roughly flat island is only above 3.6 metre above the sea level. The entire island can be walked about in 3 hours. The island is known for its unique natural beauty with white sandy beaches fringed with coconut palms and a diverse marine life. Due to the expansion of unregulated tourism, the island is facing increasing erosion, contamination of surface and ground water, wildlife displacement, and loss of biodiversity. Other threats include cutting of sand dune vegetation for fuel-wood and hotel establishment; degradation of sand dune habitat; the harvesting of turtle eggs; indiscriminate exploitation of coral resources etc. To address this, the Government has declared some areas of the island as Ecologically Critical Area (ECA), prohibiting unauthorized constructions there.

1. Only coral island in Bangladesh → 2. → 3 → 4 → 5 → 6